Gaby Ortega began her career in traditional documentary filmmaking and theater, where she developed a focus on spatial storytelling—how bodies move and relate within a physical environment. Her transition to VR around 2016 coincided with the release of consumer headsets like the Oculus Rift. Recognizing that VR’s unique affordance (presence, or the feeling of "being there") could solve a problem in documentary film—the distance between subject and viewer—Ortega began experimenting with volumetric capture and 360° video.

To address this, Ortega developed a —a framework now used by PBS’s immersive unit and the Google VR Creator Lab. The ladder outlines five levels of subject participation in VR, from passive scanning to co-creation. Her insistence on paying VR documentary subjects as collaborators (rather than subjects) has shifted industry norms.

Beyond her artistic output, Ortega is a vocal critic of "poverty porn" and exploitation in VR documentaries. She argues that because VR feels so real, creators have an elevated ethical duty. In a 2021 keynote at the International Documentary Festival Amsterdam (IDFA), she stated: “When you place a viewer in someone’s trauma in 360°, you are not just showing pain—you are imposing it. We need consent protocols for immersive journalism.”

Ortega’s most influential project to date is the multi-chapter VR series * * (2019-2021), produced with support from Oculus’s VR for Good initiative. The series follows three first-generation American teenagers as they navigate dual identities. Unlike typical VR documentaries that keep the viewer as a fly on the wall, Ortega placed the user as a silent confidant—a seat in a bedroom, a passenger in a car—allowing the viewer to witness private moments of code-switching, family obligation, and cultural grief.

Her 2022 piece, "Frontera: A VR Memory" , tackled the U.S.-Mexico border using photogrammetry of actual desert locations mixed with animated family memories. It won the Grand Jury Prize for Immersive Storytelling at SXSW.

Her early short, "Abuela's Kitchen" (2017), serves as a foundational example of her approach. The piece places the viewer in a modest Latinx kitchen as an elderly grandmother cooks tortillas and tells stories of immigration. There is no interaction or gamification; instead, the power lies in sustained eye contact and ambient sound. The work was featured at the Sundance New Frontier program and established Ortega’s signature philosophy: VR is a "machine of intimacy."

Technically, Ortega pioneered a technique she calls : instead of letting the viewer look anywhere, she subtly guides attention using character movement and sound design, reducing the common VR problem of "missing the action." This approach has been studied by the MIT Open Documentary Lab as a model for guided empathy.

In the rapidly evolving landscape of Virtual Reality (VR), content creation has often lagged behind hardware development. While companies focused on headsets and haptics, a new generation of immersive storytellers emerged to define how narratives function in 360-degree space. Among these pioneers is , a Mexican-American director, producer, and immersive media artist whose work focuses on character-driven VR experiences, cultural identity, and ethical representation. Ortega has distinguished herself not as a technologist, but as a humanist using VR to bridge empathy gaps and amplify marginalized voices.